Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia is a journal of pharmaceutical science published by Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ISFI Banjarmasin twice a year (May and December). The submitted articles must be unpublished and will be selected by the JIFI editor and reviewer team. Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia is an open-access journal (P-ISSN: 2621-3184 & E-ISSN: 2621-4032) which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. JOURNAL INFORMATION Journal Title: Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia Initials: JIFI DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36387/jifi OAI Adress : https://e-jurnal.stikes-isfi.ac.id/index.php/JIFI/index Frequency: 2 issues per year
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ISFI Banjarmasin
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN PENYIMPANAN COLD CHAIN PRODUCT DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM BANJARMASIN
CCPs are pharmaceutical preparations that require strict temperature control to maintain drug stability. Temperature deviations during storage cause degradation of pharmaceutical product quality. This study aims to analyze the compliance of the CCP storage system based on the five indicators of the CDOB standard as stipulated in BPOM Regulation No. 20 of 2025. The study used a descriptive observational design with a cross-sectional approach through direct observation using standardized observation sheets. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively by calculating the percentage of compliance, and the data were processed using Microsoft Excel 2021. The results showed that the compliance level of CCP storage in the Banjarmasin Islamic Hospital Pharmacy Unit was 90.48%, in accordance with the 2025 CDOB BPOM regulations. Temperature monitoring and human resource quality and capacity were fully compliant (100%), building and space systems (87.5%), facilities and infrastructure (75%), and documentation and reporting (87.5%). Non-compliance was influenced by several factors, including limited storage space, the absence of temperature alarms, refrigerator placement that did not meet standard distances, and evidence of equipment calibration. Overall, CCP storage in the pharmacy installation did not fully meet CDOB standards, requiring improvements in infrastructure, completeness of documentation, and optimization of storage space management.
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BEYOND THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS: KAJIAN FARMAKOVIGILANS EFEK SAMPING KORTIKOSTEROID DI INDONESIA
Corticosteroids are widely used in clinical practice in Indonesia for the treatment of various diseases. However, prolonged and/or high-dose corticosteroid therapy may lead to serious adverse effects that negatively affect patients’ quality of life. Monitoring of corticosteroid-related adverse drug reactions in Indonesia remains limited, highlighting the need for a pharmacovigilance approach to identify, assess, monitor, and prevent undesirable drug-related events. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of adverse effects associated with corticosteroid use in Indonesia as a basis for safe, effective, and rational therapeutic decision-making. Literature searches were conducted through ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and manual searches using the keywords “pharmacovigilance,” “corticosteroid,” “side effect,” “adverse effect,” and “Indonesia” based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of eight eligible articles were critically analyzed, covering various corticosteroid dosage forms, patient characteristics, and the types and severity of adverse effects. The findings showed that adverse reactions ranged from mild to severe, with increased risk associated with long-term and high-dose corticosteroid use. This review emphasizes the importance of pharmacovigilance in improving healthcare professionals’ awareness and promoting rational corticosteroid use in Indonesia
STUDI PENAMBATAN MOLEKUL SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER EKSTRAK AKAR TAWAR SERIBU (Bauhinia purpurea L) SEBAGAI POTENSI INHIBITOR α-Glukosidase
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion or action. A therapeutic development strategy involves inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme. Bauhinia purpurea, L. is known to contain various compounds with potential antidiabetic activity. This study aims to investigate the potential of secondary metabolites from Bauhinia purpurea, L. extract as α-glucosidase inhibitors using an in silico molecular docking approach and ADMET prediction. Test compounds were obtained from LC-MS identification results, and their three-dimensional structures were downloaded from the PubChem database. The protein structure was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 3L4W). The molecular docking process utilized the AutoDock Tools software, yielding a validation result of 1.9 Å. The results showed ΔG values ranging from -4.00 kcal/mol to -8.26 kcal/mol. ADMET prediction results indicated high HIA values >90%, Caco2 permeability in the low permeability category (<4 nm·s⁻¹), low BBB values, and AMES test results classified as non-mutagenic for all test compounds. Based on these results, the secondary metabolites contained in the Bauhinia purpurea, L. extract show potential as α-glucosidase inhibitors with favorable pharmacokinetic parameters, making them suitable for development into drug candidates through pharmaceutical or chemical structural modifications.
STUDI TENTANG PENGGUNAAN TUMBUHAN OBAT OLEH MASYARAKAT SUKU MUNA DI PULAU MUNA, SULAWESI TENGGARA
The use of medicinal plants still plays an important role in traditional medicine practices in Indonesia, including in the Muna Tribe on Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi. This research aims to identify the types of medicinal plants used, the parts of the plants used, the processing methods, and the types of diseases treated based on the local genius of the community. The research method used was snowball sampling technique, with data collection through interviews with the Muna Tribe using questionnaires. The question includes information about the type of disease, herb or single plant used, local name, part used, and the method of treatment. Each mentioned plant is then identified through a determination process to obtain its Latin name, and is documented in the form of a herbarium. The results of the study show that Muna Tribe on Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi Province, has used as many as 29 plant species from 18 families as medicinal ingredients. The most dominant part of the plant used is the leaves. The most common method of using plants or herbs is boiled, the boiled water is drunk. This method is the most commonly applied practice by the local community in using plants as traditional medicine.
NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HIV-HBV COINFECTION
HIV-HBV coinfection remains a major global health challenge associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Various studies have evaluated the effectiveness and safety of antiviral therapies in coinfected patients; however, the findings remain inconsistent. This narrative review aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-HBV coinfection. Literature searches were conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published between 2014 and 2025 using keywords related to HIV, hepatitis B, nucleos(t)ide analogues, interferon alfa, effectiveness, and safety. The findings demonstrated that the TLD regimen (tenofovir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir) showed superior virological outcomes compared with TLE (tenofovir, lamivudine, and efavirenz), including higher viral suppression rates and greater CD4 cell recovery. Nucleos(t)ide analogues such as entecavir and telbivudine effectively reduced HBV DNA levels and improved liver function markers. However, several adverse drug reactions were reported, including dizziness, nausea, vomiting, metabolic disturbances, and renal impairment, particularly with tenofovir-containing regimens. Interferon alfa also demonstrated potential benefits in enhancing seroconversion. Overall, TLD is considered the preferred regimen due to its superior efficacy and resistance profile, although careful monitoring for adverse effects remains essential.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN TEKANAN DARAH DAN PENYAKIT PENYERTA TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN HIPERTENSI
Hypertension is a chronic condition that may reduce patients’ quality of life, particularly when accompanied by uncontrolled blood pressure and comorbid diseases. This study aimed to assess the quality of life of patients with hypertension and to analyze the relationship between blood pressure, comorbidities, and quality of life. A cross-sectional study design was used, with prospective data collection using the SF-6D instrument. A total of 305 respondents who visited the North Banjarmasin Public Health Center and met the inclusion criteria were selected using consecutive sampling. Quality of life was calculated using the SF-6D index calculator, while the relationship between variables was analyzed using the Pearson Chi-Square test. The results showed that the mean utility score of hypertensive patients receiving treatment was 0.7835. Statistical analysis indicated a significant association between quality of life and blood pressure, with p=0.016, as well as between quality of life and comorbidities, with p=0.037. Therefore, blood pressure and comorbidities are associated with the quality of life of patients with hypertension.
KETEPATAN PENGGUNAAN TURBUHALER DAN TINGKAT KONTROL ASMA PADA PASIEN ASMA: STUDI POTONG LINTANG DI RS X
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease requiring long-term inhalation therapy. Treatment success depended on both the prescribed medication and the correct use of the inhaler. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the Turbuhaler technique and its association with asthma control. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 39 adult outpatients using a Turbuhaler at a hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Inhaler technique was evaluated using a checklist, and asthma control was assessed with the Asthma Control Test (ACT). The association was analyzed using Fisher's exact test. The results showed that 76.92% of patients used the Turbuhaler incorrectly and that 79.49% did not achieve asthma control. A significant association was found between correct technique and asthma control (p < 0.001), with a prevalence ratio of 9.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42–57.12). Patients who performed the technique correctly were nine times more likely to achieve control. The most frequently missed steps were holding one's breath after inhaling, rinsing one's mouth, and taking a deep breath. Correct Turbuhaler technique is a key determinant of asthma control. Pharmacist-led education focusing on these critical steps is essential to optimize treatment outcomes and prevent adverse effects.
EXPLORING THE ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF RED MANGROVE APPLE LEAVES (SONNERATIA CASEOLARIS) AGAINST ACNE-CAUSING BACTERIA PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES
Acne that appears on the face can cause changes in the form of swelling, redness, pus and cause pain so that it will cause an impression that is less attractive in appearance and affects beauty. One of the causes of acne is due to the activity of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Pidada Merah leaves are one of the plants that contain antibacterial compounds. It is said to contain compounds as antibacterial because it contains secondary metabolites including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and phenols. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity and the diameter of the inhibition zone of Pidada Merah leaf extract against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes.This type of research is not experimental using the well method. This study was divided into seven groups; the extract group with various concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%), the positive control group (clindamycin 0.1%) and the negative control group (Aquadest). The results showed that the Pidada Merah leaf extract had antibacterial activity against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, respectively 11.51 mm (strong), 11.73 mm (strong), 12 mm (strong), 12.4 mm (strong).
TLC FINGERPRINTING PROFILE AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY (DPPH) OF METHANOL, ETHYL ACETATE, AND N-HEXANE FRACTIONS OF DADANGKAK LEAVES (Hydrolea spinosa L.)
Dadangkak leaves (Hydrolea spinosa L.) contain various secondary metabolites with potential antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprinting profile and antioxidant activity of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions of Dadangkak leaf extract. Extraction was performed using ethanol followed by fractionation based on solvent polarity. Compound profiling was analyzed by TLC under UV light at 254 and 366 nm using several spray reagents. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method with UV-Vis spectrophotometric measurement at 517 nm to determine IC₅₀ values. The results demonstrated that the methanol fraction exhibited the most comprehensive chromatographic profile, showing positive responses to all spray reagents, indicating a higher diversity of secondary metabolites compared with the other fractions. All fractions showed free radical scavenging activity against DPPH radicals. The IC₅₀ values were 0.110 ppm for the n-hexane fraction, 0.245 ppm for the ethyl acetate fraction, and −1.588 ppm for the methanol fraction. Furthermore, the methanol fraction showed the highest coefficient of determination (R²), indicating the strongest linear relationship between concentration and inhibition percentage. These findings suggest that the methanol fraction possesses the greatest potential as a natural antioxidant source.
ANALISIS SENYAWA POLIFENOL DAN GLIKOSIDA PADA FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale L.) MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale L.) are known to contain secondary metabolites with potential medicinal properties, including polyphenols and glycosides. This study aimed to determine the qualitative and quantitative contents of polyphenol and glycoside compounds in the ethanol extract fractions of cashew leaves using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Cashew leaves were extracted using 96% ethanol. Fractionation was carried out using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. Glycoside content was determined using quercetin as the standard at a wavelength of 430 nm, while polyphenol content was determined using gallic acid as the standard at a wavelength of 700 nm. Qualitative test results showed that both n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were positive for glycosides, indicated by a green color, and positive for polyphenols, indicated by a greenish-purple color. Quantitative results showed that the glycoside content in the n-hexane fraction was 3.999 mgQE/g and in the ethyl acetate fraction was 8.043 mgQE/g. The polyphenol content in the n-hexane fraction was 2.138 mgGAE/g and in the ethyl acetate fraction was 3.198 mgGAE/g. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited higher glycoside and polyphenol contents compared to the n-hexane fraction.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE II DI PUSKESMAS BAMBANGLIPURO BANTUL
Diabetes Mellitus is a degenerative disease that requires long-term management. Medication adherence plays an important role in treatment success, as it can influence the quality of life in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. This study aimed to determine the relationship between medication adherence and quality of life among Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients at Bambanglipuro Primary Health Center, Bantul. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 52 patients were included using total sampling technique. Medication adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), while quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that most respondents had high medication adherence (86.54%) and good quality of life across most domains. The Chi-Square test showed a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between medication adherence and quality of life. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between medication adherence and quality of life in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
OPTIMASI DAN EVALUASI FISIK FORMULA KAPSUL EKSTRAK SELEDRI DENGAN VARIASI BAHAN PENGISI
Celery has the activity as an antihypertensive. Celery extract contains apigenin which can lower blood pressure by preventing the narrowing of blood vessels. Celery extract can be formulated in capsule. One of the important components in making capsules is the filler. Filler can increase the mass of capsule and reduce the moisture of the extract in the capsule. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal filler for celery extract capsules. In this study, a physical evaluation of celery extract capsules was carried out with 4 types of fillers, such as Manihot starch, Flocel 101, Lactose, and Corn starch amount 37% for each variation. The observed evaluations was the organoleptic properties, moisture content, disintegration time, uniformity and hygroscopicity. Each evaluation was analyzed by Graphpad ANOVA Tukey Multiple comparation. The optimum physical evaluation result was the corn starch capsule filler with a flow time of 20,0 grams/sec, the water content of 7,88% and the disintegration time of 9,26 minute, the weight uniformity met the requirements also the physical appearance with no lumps before an after exposure for 24 hours. Thus corn starch can be an optimal filler in celery extract capsule preparation.
METABOLIT ANTIBAKTERI DARI Aspergilalus nidulans DSP 20, JAMUR ENDOFIT MANGROVE ASOSIASI Sesuvium portulacastrum
Mangrove-associated endophytic fungi are promising producers of antibacterial secondary metabolites. This study evaluated the potential of Aspergillus nidulans DSP 20, isolated from leaves of Sesuvium portulacastrum collected from the Sekotong mangrove-associated ecosystem, as a producer of antibacterial metabolites. The isolate was obtained through surface sterilization of leaf tissue, colony purification, and morphological characterization. Metabolite production was performed by 21-day solid-state fermentation followed by ethyl acetate extraction. The metabolite profile was qualitatively analyzed using thin-layer chromatography, while antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method. DSP 20 showed morphological characteristics supporting its identification as A. nidulans, produced an ethyl acetate extract with several chromatographic spots, and formed inhibition zones against both test bacteria. These findings indicate that A. nidulans DSP 20 is a potential preliminary source of antibacterial metabolites from mangrove-associated endophytic fungi.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK BUNGA ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) DAN KULIT BATANG KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmannii) TERHADAP Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli is one of the main causes of diarrhea; therefore, alternative antibacterial agents derived from natural materials are needed. Roselle flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) are known to possess antibacterial activity through different mechanisms of action. This study aimed to determine and compare the antibacterial activity of 30% roselle flower extract, 10% cinnamon bark extract, and their combination against Escherichia coli. The theoretical basis of this study was the flavonoid content in roselle and the cinnamaldehyde and eugenol compounds in cinnamon as antibacterial agents. This research was an experimental study using the disk diffusion method with three treatment groups and one negative control group. The observed parameter was the diameter of the inhibition zone after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C. The results showed that all treatment groups produced inhibition zones in the moderate category, while the negative control did not produce any inhibition zone. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test showed a significant difference in antibacterial activity among the groups (Asymp.Sig = 0.000008). Further analysis using the Mann Whitney test showed that the combination extract had the highest antibacterial activity.
UJI PENANGKAPAN RADIKAL DPPH DAN PENETAPAN KADAR FLAVONOID DARI DAUN KALANGKALA (Litsea garciae S. Vidal) EKSTRAK METANOL
Excessive free radicals the body can induce oxidative stress, which plays a significant role the development of various degenerative diseases. Therefore, the search for natural sources antioxidants essential to mitigate detrimental effects free radicals on health. This study aimed determine flavonoid content and evaluate the free radical scavenging activity using DPPH method the methanolic extract Litsea garciae (kalangkala) leaves. Extraction was carried out using methanol as the solvent, followed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis flavonoid identification and determination total flavonoid content using a spectrophotometric method with quercetin the standard. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH assay, with the IC₅₀ value used an indicator of free radical scavenging effectiveness. The TLC results showed similar Rf values between the extract and quercetin, indicating the presence flavonoids in kalangkala leaves. The total flavonoid content was recorded as 8.3364 ± 0.0023 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract, while the DPPH assay yielded an IC₅₀ value 141.144 μg/mL with RSD of 2.333%, which was higher than that quercetin (6.101 μg/mL with RSD of 1.450%). These findings indicate that methanolic extract of Litsea garciae leaves exhibits moderate antioxidant activity and has potential a natural antioxidant source. Therefore, kalangkala leaves may be further developed for prevention of oxidative stress.
FORMULASI LOTION TABIR SURYA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ANDONG MERAH (Cordyline Fruticosa (L.) A. Chev)
Ethanol extract of the of red andong leaves has strong antioxidant activity and has the potential to be a sunscreen with maximum protection. This study aims to formulate and evaluate the sunscreen activity of a lotion preparation made from ethanol extract of red andong leaves. The sunscreen activity test was carried out using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method with a wavelength of 290-320 nm. The ethanol extract of the red andong leaves is formulated in lotions with various concentrations (F1: 5%, F2: 10%, F3: 15%). The lotion was tested for physical properties including organoleptic, viscosity, dispersibility, pH, homogeneity, type of lotion, and protection ability. The results showed that the ethanol extract of red andong leaves can be formulated into lotion preparations, where the three lotion formulas with variations in the concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15% of the red andong leaf extract ethanol produce light brown, the distinctive odor, semi-solid, a homogeneous, M/A type emulsion, meets the requirements of pH, viscosity, dispersibility, and provides protection. The results of the sunscreen activity test were respectively 9,81±0,10; 12,15±0,25; 14,03±0,53, with the highest SPF value being 14,03±0,53 in formula III (15% red andong ethanol extract) which is included in the maximum protection category.
KAJIAN INTERAKSI OBAT PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DENGAN KOMORBID HIPERTENSI RAWAT JALAN DI RUMAH SAKIT AREA KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension comorbidity generally receive more than one medication, increasing the risk of drug interactions that may affect therapeutic outcomes. This study aimed to determine the potential drug interactions in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital during January–December 2024. This research employed a descriptive-retrospective observational method using 44 medical records selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Drug interactions were assessed using the MedFacts Pocket Guide of Drug Interactions, Stockley’s Drug Interactions (2009), and drug interaction checkers from Medscape and Drugs.com based on interaction mechanisms and severity levels. The results showed 129 cases of drug interactions, with the most common combination being metformin–amlodipine (10 cases; 7.7%). The most frequent interaction mechanism was pharmacodynamic interaction (68 cases; 52.71%), while the severity level was predominantly moderate according to Medscape (65 cases; 50.38%) and Drugs.com (79 cases; 61.24%). Major interactions were identified in the bisoprolol fumarate–clonidine combination (4 cases; 5.3%). This study indicates the potential for drug interactions in antidiabetic and antihypertensive therapy, highlighting the need for therapeutic monitoring and dose adjustment to improve treatment safety and effectiveness.
FORMULASI DAN UJI MUTU FISIK SEDIAAN LOTION DARI EKSTRAK DAUN NANAS (Ananas comosus (L).Merr)
Pineiapplei leiaveis (Ananas comosuis (L.) Meirr) is known as a natuiral ingreidieint that contains variouis bioactivei compouinds with thei poteintial for antioxidant activity, so it has thei opportuinity to bei uiseid in thei deiveilopmeint of topical cosmeitic preiparations. This reiseiarch aims to deiveilop a lotion formuilation that contains pineiapplei leiaf eixtract and asseiss thei physical quiality of thei reisuilting preiparation. Thei eixtraction proceiss is carrieid ouit by maceiration meithod uising 70% eithanol solveint and produiceis a yieild of 7,028%. Lotion is formuilateid in threiei variations, nameily F0 withouit thei addition of eixtract as a control, F1 with 1% eixtract conceintration, and F2 with 3% conceintration. Physical quiality teisting incluideis pH eivaluiation, organoleiptic propeirtieis, spreiadability, viscosity, and homogeineiity. Phytocheimical screieining reisuilts show thei preiseincei of flavonoid compouinds, alkaloids, and tannins in pineiapplei leiaf eixtract. Thei eintirei formuila meieits thei physical quiality reiquiireimeints of topical preiparations, shown by a pH valuiei that is suiitablei for thei skin condition, spreiading poweir and viscosity that meieits thei standard, as weill as good homogeineiity withouit phasei seiparation. Thei addition of pineiapplei leiaf eixtract doeis not reiduicei thei physical stability of thei preiparation, so it has thei poteintial to bei fuirtheir deiveilopeid as a natuiral activei ingreidieint in skin carei lotion formuilations.
ANALISIS JEJARING FARMAKOLOGI DAUN TEMBELEKAN (Lantana camara L.) TERHADAP ANTI LUKA BAKAR
Burn injuries are skin lesions that can cause tissue damage, infection, and impaired regeneration if not properly treated. Lantana camara L. leaves are known to contain various secondary metabolites with potential wound-healing properties. This study aimed to analyze the anti-burn potential of Lantana camara using a network pharmacology approach. Computational analyses were performed using the KNApSACK, SwissADME, SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, STRING-DB, Cytoscape–CytoHubba, and ShinyGO 0.77 databases. A total of 39 secondary metabolites were identified, all of which fulfilled Lipinski’s Rule of Five, indicating good potential oral bioavailability. Protein target analysis revealed 305 intersecting proteins between metabolite targets and burn-related proteins. Network analysis identified AKT1 as the main hub protein, followed by TNF, IL6, STAT3, BCL2, HIF1A, and EGFR. The major biological pathways involved included the PI3K/Akt and HIF-1 signaling pathways, which regulate cell proliferation, angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, and hypoxia response. In addition, positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation was identified as the dominant biological process associated with inflammation regulation and tissue regeneration. These findings suggest that Lantana camara has strong potential as an anti-burn agent through a multitarget mechanism that supports tissue healing.
AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAUN AKAR KAIK-KAIK (Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr) PADA SEL KANKER SERVIKS HeLa
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide and is a highly prevalent disease in developing countries. Efforts to prevent and treat cervical cancer continue to be developed, one of which is through the use of natural ingredients that have anticancer activity. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate extracts of Kaik-Kaik root leaves (Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr) against HeLa cervical cancer cells in vitro. Kaik-Kaik root leaves were extracted using a stepwise maceration method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents. The ethyl acetate extract was then tested for its cytotoxic activity using the MTT assay at various concentrations. Phytochemical screening results showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids that play a role in biological activity. Cytotoxicity test results showed that the ethyl acetate extract had very strong potential with an IC₅₀ value of 0.524 μg/mL, which is classified as highly toxic to cancer cells. These findings indicate that Uncaria cordata has the potential to be developed as a herbal-based anticancer agent. This study is expected to contribute to the development of safer, more effective, and more affordable alternative therapies for cervical cancer patients.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PEEL-OFF GEL MASK CONTAINING KEPEL LEAF EXTRACT (Stelechocarpus burahol) AGAINST Propionibacterium acnes
Acne is a common skin disorder caused by Propionibacterium acnes. Kepel leaves (Stelechocarpus burahol) contain secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, which possess antibacterial potential. This study aimed to formulate a peel-off gel mask containing ethanolic extract of Kepel leaves and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The research included extraction using 96% ethanol, phytochemical screening, formulation of peel-off gel masks, physical evaluation, and antibacterial testing using the agar diffusion method. Three formulations containing different extract concentrations were prepared: F1 (1%), F2 (3%), and F3 (5%). All formulations showed acceptable physical characteristics for topical preparations, including homogeneity, pH, viscosity, drying time, and stability. Antibacterial testing demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibitory activity, with inhibition zones of 14.64 mm, 19.11 mm, and 21.10 mm for F1, F2, and F3, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among groups (p < 0.001). Although the antibacterial activity of all formulations was lower than 1% clindamycin, the 5% extract formulation exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against Propionibacterium acnes. These findings indicate the potential of Kepel leaf extract as a natural antibacterial agent in topical anti-acne formulations.
STRATEGI BERBASIS MICRONEEDLE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIFITAS PEMBERIAN OBAT TRANSDERMAL: LITERATURE REVIEW
Microneedle technology has emerged as a promising innovation in transdermal drug delivery, addressing limitations found in conventional methods. Microneedles enable efficient, minimally painful drug administration and enhance the bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs. Despite their advantages, challenges in design and material selection remain barriers to broader clinical acceptance. Microneedle formulations commonly incorporate liquid and solid lipids as excipients to improve system stability and delivery flexibility. Key parameters such as particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) are evaluated to ensure product quality. This study began with a keyword-based literature search, yielding 189 articles. After screening and elimination, 20 journals were selected for in-depth analysis. The literature review indicates that microneedle technology significantly improves drug bioavailability, immune response, and patient comfort compared to traditional injection methods. Moreover, it shows potential in minimizing side effects and enabling more controlled drug release. This research provides insight into microneedles as a new paradigm in drug and vaccine delivery, highlighting their potential for safer and more effective clinical applications.
POTENSI ANTIPIRETIK DAN ANALGETIK EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca L. forma typica)
Nyeri merupakan gejala yang menunjukkan adanya gangguan dalam tubuh, sedangkan demam (febris) adalah kondisi yang sering dialami masyarakat dan memerlukan penanganan untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh melalui pemberian antipiretik. Kulit buah pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca L. forma typica) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas sebagai analgetik dan antipiretik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya analgetik dan antipiretik dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang kepok. Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental yang menggunakan hewan uji mencit jantan yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol negatif Na-CMC 0,5%, kelompok kontrol positif asam mefenamat sebagai analgetika dan parasetamol sebagai aintipiretika, kelompok ekstrak dosis 1 (500 mg/kgBB), dosis 2 (1000 mg/kgBB) dan dosis 3 (1500 mg/kgBB). Induksi nyeri menggunakan asam asetat 1% sedangkan induksi demam menggunakan pepton 5% Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 30 menit selama 120 menit. Hasil didapatkan daya analgetik dari ekstrak kulit buah pisang kepok secara urutan dosis yaitu 67,54%, 69,18% dan 69,57% sedangkan daya antipretika yaitu 0,52%, 0,82% dan 0,83%.
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INTERAKSI EKSTRAK DAUN TEH HIJAU DAN BUAH CABE MERAH SEBAGAI ANTIHIPERGLIKEMIA ANAK
Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which blood sugar levels are very high and cannot be controlled for an extended period. Therefore, more effective alternative treatments are needed. One of the materials being studied is green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L) and red chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L), both of which are known to have antihyperglycemic effects. This study aims to determine the interaction between green tea leaf extract and red chili pepper extract in reducing blood glucose levels in mice with elevated blood sugar. A total of 25 mice were used and divided into 5 groups, each containing 5 mice. In the treatment, groups were given green tea leaf extract at a dose of 37.5 mg per 30 grams of body weight per day, red chili pepper extract at 12.5 mg per 30 grams of body weight per day, and metformin as a comparison at a dose of 169 mg per gram for 1 to 6 days or until blood glucose levels decreased. The parameter observed was the decrease in blood glucose levels. The results showed that the administration of green tea leaf extract and red chili pepper extract could significantly reduce blood glucose levels in mice.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA SERBUK SARI INSTAN DAUN PUDING HITAM (Graptophyllum Pictum L. Griff) MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH
Instant beverages are an innovation in herbal products that are practical, easy to serve, and have a longer shelf life compared to liquid preparations, making them widely developed as health drinks. Black pudding leaves (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) are known to contain flavonoid compounds that act as antioxidants and have the potential to be processed into instant beverages. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of instant pollen powder from black pudding leaves using the DPPH method and to determine the IC₅₀ value as an indicator of antioxidant strength. The preparations were made in three formulations with concentrations of 20%, 30%, and 50%. The results showed that all formulations exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 16.827 ppm (F1), 16.375 ppm (F2), and 7.713 ppm (F3). All IC₅₀ values were within the very active category (IC₅₀ < 50 ppm). These findings indicate that instant pollen powder of black pudding leaves has great potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant source in the form of a functional herbal drink that is not only easy to consume but also beneficial in helping protect the body against free radical damage.
ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN OBAT DI INSTALASI FARMASI RSUD. Dr. H. MOCH. ANSARI SALEH BANJARMASIN
Optimal drug management is essential because stock shortages or surpluses can affect hospital service costs. This study aimed to determine the percentage of planning achievement, invoice errors, procurement frequency per drug item, and the percentage of dead stock, expired, and damaged drugs at Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Regional General Hospital, Banjarmasin. This study was a descriptive, observational, non-experimental research with a cross-sectional design using retrospective data, analyzed quantitatively and presented descriptively. The population consisted of all pharmaceutical supply management data from 2024. Samples were obtained using a total sampling technique, covering data on planning, procurement, receipt, storage, and control. Observation sheets were used as instruments, and data were processed using Microsoft Excel. The results showed a planning achievement rate of 86.06%. Invoice errors were 0%, meeting the standard. Out of 484 drug items, procurement frequency consisted of 279 low-frequency, 196 medium-frequency, and 9 high-frequency items. The percentage of dead stock was 3.37%, while expired and damaged drugs accounted for 0.02%, meeting the standard of less than 1.
TINGKAT KEPUASAN PASIEN DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TERHADAP LAYANAN ANTAR OBAT (YANTARO) DEPO FARMASI RAWAT JALAN DI RSUD H. BADARUDDIN KASIM TABALONG
The drug delivery service (YANTARO) is innovative pharmaceutical service at H. Badaruddin Kasim Regional Hospital, Tabalong, designed improve patient convenience, reduce queues, and accelerate patient access to medications. This study aims evaluate level of patient satisfaction and the factors that influence satisfaction with YANTARO service. The research employed a quantitative method with cross-sectional approach, involving 43 outpatient respondents who utilized the YANTARO service. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the Servqual dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) and were analyzed descriptively. The validity and reliability tests indicated that the research instruments were valid (r-count > 0.361) and reliable (Cronbach’s Alpha 0.919 for service factors and 0.808 for patient satisfaction). The findings show the YANTARO drug delivery service at the Outpatient Pharmacy Depot of H. Badaruddin Kasim Hospital is effective in improving patient satisfaction. The overall level patient satisfaction was high, with ease of access being the highest-rated indicator, while medication information delivery still requires improvement. The factors that most influenced patient satisfaction were the condition of medication upon delivery and the attitude of staff during the delivery process. Overall, the YANTARO service successfully reduced queues, saved patients’ time, and provided convenience for outpatients in obtaining their medications.
PROFIL KANDUNGAN FENOLIK DAN EVALUASI PARAMETER NON-SPESIFIK EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum)
Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) merupakan tanaman obat yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menstandarisasi ekstrak etanol jahe merah melalui penentuan kandungan fenolik total dan parameter non-spesifik. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 75% selama 1x24 jam. Kandungan fenolik total dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Follin-Ciocalteu dan hasilnya dinyatakan dalam satuan mg GAE. Parameter non-spesifik yang ditentukan meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, dan kadar sari larut etanol dengan metode gravimetri. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ekstrak etanol jahe merah memiliki kadar air sebesar 12,87%, kadar abu 7,45%, kadar sari larut etanol 6,23% dan kandungan fenolik total sebesar 136,7mg GAE/g ekstrak. Data ini memberikan dasar ilmiah untuk standarisasi ekstrak jahe merah sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku produk farmasi dengan mutu yang terukur.
STUDI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN ULKUS DIABETIKUM DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RS X SEMARANG DENGAN PENDEKATAN ATC/DDD DAN DU 90%
Ulkus diabetik merupakan infeksi berat dari komplikasi diabetes melitus yang memiliki risiko amputasi. Dalam penanganannya, antibiotik memegang peranan penting. Namun, apabila penggunaannya tidak sesuai indikasi atau dosis, hal ini dapat memicu peningkatan resistensi bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran mengenai pola pemakaian antibiotik pada pasien ulkus diabetik yang dirawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap RS X Semarang. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan ATC/DDD serta DU 90%. Desain penelitian yang dipakai adalah studi observasional deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Data diambil dari pasien rawat inap selama periode Januari sampai Desember 2024 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi maupun eksklusi. Hasil menunjukkan ceftriaxone merupakan antibiotik dengan tingkat penggunaan tertinggi, yakni 9,81 DDD per 100 hari rawat inap. Sementara itu, berdasarkan analisis DU 90%, antibiotik yang paling dominan digunakan berada dalam kelompok ceftriaxone, metronidazole, levofloxacin, ampicillin-sulbactam, dan meropenem.
Diabetic ulcer, Antibiotics, ATC/DDD, DU 90%
EVALUASI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SABUN VCO pH NETRAL TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli
Liquid bath soap is widely used as an antiseptic in daily activities, but its generally high pH can erode the skin’s protective barrier and reduce comfort. Saponification is the reaction between a strong base and fatty acids. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), which contains lauric acid, is known for its antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of VCO-based liquid soap and compare its antibacterial effectiveness against two structurally different bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The research employed a post-test only experimental design with descriptive-quantitative data collection. The stages included organoleptic evaluation, pH measurement, viscosity, specific gravity, and foam height testing. Only samples that fulfilled standard soap characteristics were further tested using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. Results showed that the soap met physical requirements, exhibiting a liquid texture, gray color, vanilla aroma, pH 7.08, viscosity of 1370 mPas, specific gravity of 1.01 g/mL, and foam height of 2 cm. The neutral-pH VCO soap demonstrated antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli. Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney test yielded an Asymp.Sig value of 0.083, indicating no significant difference between the antibacterial effects, suggesting broad antibacterial coverage. These findings support the potential of VCO soap for daily hygiene.