JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan
type: channel
description: JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan (P-ISSN 2502-647X & E-ISSN 2503-1902) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal of pharmaceutical published by Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ISFI Banjarmasin twice a year (March and October) in both of print and online version. JIIS received articles related to issues in the field of Pharmacy. Articles should be original, unpublished, and not under review for possible publications in other journals. The incoming article will be reviewed by a team of JIIS editors from inside and outside Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ISFI Banjarmasin. JIIS already indexed by Google Scholar, BASE Search, Indonesia OneSearch, SINTA, Garuda, Crossref. Users are allowed to access all content freely without asking prior permission from author or publisher.
publisher: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ISFI Banjarmasin
language: en
publication name: JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan
issn: 2502-647X
items: PENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KELOMPOK TANI TERHADAP PENGOBATAN TUBERCULOSIS DAN PENCEGAHANNYA MELALUI FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION
items: FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI NANOSPRAY GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG RUMPUT TEKI (Cyperus rotundus L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus epidermidis DAN Cutibacterium acnes
items: UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KASTURI (Mangifera casturi Kosterm) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM URAT SECARA IN VIVO
items: PEMANFAATAN ULANG PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis) UNTUK APLIKASI BIOMEDIS MELALUI UJI IN VITRO ANTIBAKTERI, ANTIBIOFILM, DAN ANTIOKSIDAN
items: POTENSI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN DADAP SEREP (Erythrina subumbrans) DAN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica) DALAM MENURUNKAN RISIKO DISFUNGSI ENDOTEL PADA TIKUS DENGAN DIET TINGGI FRUKTOSA
items: POTENSI ANTIATEROGENIK KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG KUNYIT DAN DAUN PEGAGAN DALAM MENURUNKAN RISIKO PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULAR PADA MODEL HEWAN TIKUS OBES
items: PEMANTAUAN PROSES EKSTRAKSI Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. DENGAN METODE REFRAKTOMETRI DAN GRAVIMETRI
items: ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS AND TREATMENT PHASES ON THE SEVERITY OF HEPATOTOXICITY DUE TO ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
items: IMMUNOSTIMULANT EFFECTS OF PROPOLIS: A study of cytokine production
items: ANALISIS HOMA TERHADAP RESISTENSI INSULIN DAN FUNGSISEL β PANKREAS PADA TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) MODEL DIABETES ALOKSAN SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BONGGOLNANAS (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.)
items: IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES PADA EKSTRAK ETANOL 30% DAUN KUMIS KUCING (Orthosiphon aristatus) HASIL KULTUR JARINGAN DAN BUDIDAYA
items: Overview of Community Knowledge on Hepatitis C Disease in the Pulo Gebang Public Housing Area, Cakung, East Jakarta
items: POTENSI ANTI-INFLAMASI DAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAUN KOKANG (Lepisanthes amoena) YANG DIEVALUASI DENGAN METODE INHIBISI DENATURASI PROTEIN
items: KAJIAN SUHU REAKSI TERHADAP POLA SUBSTITUSI DAN HASIL SINTESIS DERIVAT KUERSETIN
items: OPTIMASI FASE GERAK PADA KLT DAN IDENTIFIKASI METABOLIT SEKUNDER Ipomoea pes-caprae
items: PREDIKTOR INDEPENDEN PERPANJANGAN INTERVAL QTc PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS RESISTAN OBAT (TB-RO)
items: UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI JAMUR SEDIAAN SERUM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PACAR (Impatiens balsamina L.) TERHADAP JAMUR Candida albicans SECARA IN VITRO
items: FORMULASI SEDIAAN SABUN PADAT FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) SEBAGAI ANTIMIKROBA
items: KARAKTERISASI FISIK LIP BALM DENGAN EKSTRAK BIJI KURMA SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN DAN PEWARNA ALAMI BUNGA BATAVIA
items: ANALISIS BIAYA PADA PASIEN GANGGUAN HORMON TIROID DI RUMAH SAKIT PUSAT ANGKATAN LAUT DR. RAMELAN SURABAYA
items: FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANO FITOSOM ANTIDIABETES DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda Citrifolia L.) DENGAN METODE HIDRASI LAPIS TIPIS
items: IDENTIFIKASI TURUNAN ASAM KARBOKSILAT AKAR Acalypha indica SEBAGAI KANDIDAT INHIBITOR GFAT MELALUI LC-HRMS DAN STUDI IN SILICO
items: POTENSI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK TOTAL EKSTRAK DAUN KRATOM (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI PELARUT
items: PENGARUH EKSTRAK BATANG AKAR KUNING (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS SEKSUAL MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus) SECARA IN VIVO
items: PEMBUATAN, UJI FISIKOKIMIA DAN UJI STABILITAS MINYAK KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) RENDAH FREE FATTY ACIDS (FFA) DARI LIMBAH KULIT BUAH KELAPA (TESTA)
items: ANALISIS COST EFFECTIVENESS METHOTREXATE VS LEFLUNOMIDE PADA TERAPI RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: NARRATIVE REVIEW DAN IMPLIKASI DI INDONESIA
items: AKTIVITAS TONIKUM EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% BUNGA KAMBANG PUTIH (Plumeria rubra) PADA MUS MUSCULUS BALB/c
items: POTENSI AKAR BURDOCK SEBAGAI BENTUK PROTEKTIF RADIKAL BEBAS PADA SALURAN PERNAPASAN PEROKOK AKTIF STUDY IN-VIVO PADA TIKUS JANTAN
items: TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTIVE EFFORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES IN PRIMARY LEVEL HEALTH FACILITIES: A Qualitative Study
items: STANDARDISASI KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca L) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYEMBUH LUKA

PENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KELOMPOK TANI TERHADAP PENGOBATAN TUBERCULOSIS DAN PENCEGAHANNYA MELALUI FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION
type: item
description: Tuberculosis was a cause of global morbidity and mortality. Sumenep Regency has a high number of TBC cases, namely in 2017 were 1,627 people and 1,709 people in 2018. The difficulty in overcoming them is mainly due to the public and drug managers' understanding regarding drug side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to increase their literacy regarding this matter. This research aims to analyze the influence of Focus Group Discussions on farmer group members' understanding of the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis. It also analyzes the understanding of community health center drug managers regarding the side effects of TBC drugs and how to deal with them. A quasi-experimental design, with a pretest – posttest design, was carried out on 49 members of the Bungbungan village farmer group and 39 community health center drug managers in Sumenep. The results showed that the farmer group understanding scores before and after the intervention were as follows: 6.02±1.19 and 6.69±1.46. for drug managers were 14.67±2.41 and 18.36±1.65. Conclusion The Focus Group Discussion had an impact on increasing understanding of the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis for farmer groups, and for community health center drug managers it had an impact on understanding the side effects of TBC drugs and how to deal with them.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Farmer Groups
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Manager
  topic: keywords
subject: Undrstanding
  topic: keywords
subject: Side Effect
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Rahem
creator: Wahyu Utami
creator: Andi Hermansyah
creator: Anila Impian Sukorini
creator: Titik Puji Rahayu
creator: Umi Athiyah
creator: Ana Yuda
creator: Arie Sulistyarini
creator: I Nyoman Wijaya
creator: Gusti Noorrizka V
creator: Yuni Priyandani
creator: Aniek Setiya Budiatin
creator: Toetik Aryani
creator: Bambang Subakti Zulkamain
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-03-31
publication date: 2024-03-31
starting page: 170
ending page: 178
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v9i1.1727

FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI NANOSPRAY GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG RUMPUT TEKI (Cyperus rotundus L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus epidermidis DAN Cutibacterium acnes
type: item
description: Acne is a common inflammatory skin condition among teens and adults. Topical treatment with chemical agents often carries the risk of irritation and photosensitization. This has led to the exploration of natural alternatives such as Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.), which possesses antibacterial activity. The objective of this study was to formulate a nanospray gel as a topical delivery system and to test the antibacterial activity of the formulation against S. epidermidis and C. acnes. Cyperus rotundus was extracted via maceration using 96% ethanol; antibacterial activity tests were conducted on both the extract and the formulation. The nanospray gel formulation was prepared with varying extract concentrations: F1 (1%), F2 (2%), and F3 (3%). Subsequently, transmittance tests, physical characterization, and antibacterial activity assessments were performed using the disk diffusion method. The inhibition percentages of the extracts against S. epidermidis and C. acnes at a 35% concentration were 86.14% and 92.11%, respectively. The transmittance test results for the formulations were 94.1%, 53%, and 56%, respectively. Particle size testing of F1 yielded 158.06 ± 4.60 nm with a zeta potential of -40.46 ± 2.1 mV. The antibacterial activity test results for C. acnes in formulations F1–F3 were 1.63 mm, 2.3 mm, and 2.23 mm, respectively. The characteristics of the nanospray formulations met quality standards; however, the antibacterial activity was still weak, necessitating optimization of the extraction process.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Nutgrass
  topic: keywords
subject: Antibacterial
  topic: keywords
subject: S. epidermidis
  topic: keywords
subject: C. acnes
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanospray
  topic: keywords
subject: Gel
  topic: keywords
creator: Nurista Dida Ayuningtyas
creator: Riskianto
creator: Eugenia Nayumi Gozal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2867

UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KASTURI (Mangifera casturi Kosterm) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM URAT SECARA IN VIVO
type: item
description: Gout is a non-communicable disease whose prevalence continues to increase, particularly among the elderly. The treatment using medicinal plants has become widely known to the public, one of which involves kasturi leaves, which are known to contain flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins that are potentially effective as antihyperuricemic agents. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of extract of kasturi leaves in reducing uric acid levels in Mus musculus. The research employed a true experimental design with a pre-and post-test control group approach. A total of 25 mice were divided into five groups: a negative control group (Na-CMC 1%), a positive control group (allopurinol), and three treatment groups with extract doses of 3 mg/kgBW, 6 mg/kgBW, and 9 mg/kgBW. Hyperuricemia was induced using chicken liver for 7 days. Afterward, the extract was administered for another 7 days, and uric acid levels were measured before and after treatment using the Glucometer tool. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that dose 1st reduced uric acid by 21.56%, dose 2nd by 27.15%, and dose 3th by 38.88%. Based on these findings, the ethanol extract of casturi leaves was proven effective in lowering uric acid levels and comparable to allopurinol. Statistically, dose III had a significantly different effect from the negative control and was not significantly different from allopurinol (p> 0.05). It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of casturi leaves at a dose of 9 mg/gBW has the most effective antihyperuricemic activity. The calculated ED50 value was 13.20 mg/gBW.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Antihyperuricemia
  topic: keywords
subject: ED50
  topic: keywords
subject: Effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethanol extract
  topic: keywords
subject: Mangifera castur
  topic: keywords
creator: Nur Mahdi
creator: Hajatul Kamaliah
creator: Raisha Hamiddani Syaiful
creator: Okta Muthia Sari
creator: Aditya Maulana Perdana Putra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 85
ending page: 97
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2870

PEMANFAATAN ULANG PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis) UNTUK APLIKASI BIOMEDIS MELALUI UJI IN VITRO ANTIBAKTERI, ANTIBIOFILM, DAN ANTIOKSIDAN
type: item
description: Elaeis guineensis fronds possess significant pharmacological potential, especially as antibiofilm and antioxidant. Previous studies have shown that E. guineensis contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and steroids that function as antioxidants. This study aims to examine the pharmacological activity of E. guineensis fronds and their antibiofilm potential. Palm fronds were macerated with aceton for 5 days. Antibacterial evaluation was conducted on four types of bacteria, and antibiofilm assessment was performed on S. aureus and E. coli. Evaluation of E. guineensis extract antioxidant activity was carried out using antioxidant tests (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS). The results of the antibacterial test showed good activity against P. acnes bacteria. The results of the antibiofilm evaluation showed significant and concentration-dependent inhibitory activity at a concentration of 1%, especially in the mid-phase for S. aureus and the maturation phase for E. coli. However, effectiveness decreased in the eradication phase. The antioxidant test showed a value of 63.93 ppm in the ABTS test. E. guineensis extract has shown strong potential as an antibacterial against P. acnes and has potential as an antibiofilm and antioxidant.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Palm Oil
  topic: keywords
subject: Elaeis guineensis
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: Antibacterial
  topic: keywords
subject: Antibiofilm
  topic: keywords
subject: ABTS
  topic: keywords
creator: Deni Setiawan
creator: Samsul Hadi
creator: Nurul Mardiati
creator: Nashrul Wathan
creator: Hilma Aulia
creator: Siti Najwa
creator: Muhammad Rasyid Ridha
creator: Moch. Saiful Bachri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 10
ending page: 19
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2869

POTENSI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN DADAP SEREP (Erythrina subumbrans) DAN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica) DALAM MENURUNKAN RISIKO DISFUNGSI ENDOTEL PADA TIKUS DENGAN DIET TINGGI FRUKTOSA
type: item
description: Fructose has long been known as a sugar additive or sweetener, commonly found in soft drinks, pastries, and other processed foods. High levels of added sugar in the daily diet increase the risk of various metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance. Insulin resistance can lead to impaired endothelial function (endothelial dysfunction), which can lead to impaired vasodilation responses. Endothelial dysfunction can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, and other vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the potential of a combination of dadap serep (Erythrina subumbrans) and pegagan (Centella asiatica) to reduce the risk of endothelial dysfunction (as measured by nitric oxide (NO) levels) triggered by high fructose consumption. This research method is an in vivo experimental preventive using 36 rats divided into normal group, induction group, comparison group of curcumin 9 mg/kgBW, test group 1 EEPDS 50:100 mg/kgBW, test group 2 EEPDS 100:100 mg/kgBW and test group 3 EEPDS 100:50 mg/kgBW. Measurement of NO levels using the Griess method, while insulin resistance examination was carried out using the insulin tolerance test method. The results showed that the combination group of EEPDS 100:50 mg/kgBW was the group that showed the most optimal effect in maintaining endothelial function and had the best insulin sensitivity. The conclusion of this study shows that the combination of EEPDS 100:50 mg/kgBW is effective in maintaining insulin sensitivity and maintaining endothelial function in rats.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Fructose
  topic: keywords
subject: Insulin resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Dadap serep
  topic: keywords
creator: Marita Kaniawati
creator: Agus Sulaeman
creator: Aulia Nurfazri Istiqomah
creator: Kevin Efraim Lian
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 210
ending page: 219
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2875

POTENSI ANTIATEROGENIK KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG KUNYIT DAN DAUN PEGAGAN DALAM MENURUNKAN RISIKO PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULAR PADA MODEL HEWAN TIKUS OBES
type: item
description: Obesity is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, characterized by dyslipidemia and oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-atherogenic effects of a combination of ethanol extracts of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) and gotu kola leaves (Centella asiatica) in obese–hyperlipidemic rats. Male rats were divided into seven groups: normal, induction, comparator (orlistat 10.8 mg/kgBW), and treatment groups receiving single and combined extracts (ERK, EDP, ERKDP 200:100, ERKDP 100:200 mg/kgBW). Obesity and hyperlipidemia were induced using a high-fat and fructose diet for 60 days. Parameters measured included body weight, lipid profile (TG, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), and aortic histology. The induction group showed significant increases in body weight, triglycerides, LDL, and AIP (P<0.05). All treatment groups significantly improved lipid profiles and reduced AIP compared to the induction group. The ERKDP 100:200 mg/kgBW combination showed the most optimal effect, with a 51.83% reduction in LDL, a 54.60% decrease in AIP, and a 146% increase in HDL. Histological analysis also demonstrated reduced foam cell formation and improved aortic structure in this group. In conclusion, the combination of turmeric and gotu kola extracts, particularly at a dose of 100:200 mg/kgBW, exhibits significant anti-atherogenic potential through lipid profile improvement, AIP reduction, and vascular protection.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Atherosclerosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Turmeric
  topic: keywords
subject: Gotu kola
  topic: keywords
subject: Lipid profile
  topic: keywords
subject: AIP
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti-atherogenic
  topic: keywords
creator: Kharina Septi Lestari
creator: Aulia Nurfazri Istiqomah
creator: Ai Siti Farihah
creator: Dika Azhar Ramadhan
creator: Marita Kaniawati
creator: Agus Sulaeman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 220
ending page: 228
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2882

PEMANTAUAN PROSES EKSTRAKSI Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. DENGAN METODE REFRAKTOMETRI DAN GRAVIMETRI
type: item
description: Rapid in-process control (IPC) is essential in the extraction of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizomes to ensure quality consistency. Refractometry based on Total Soluble Solids (TSS) offers an efficient IPC alternative; however, its quantitative validity relative to gravimetric yield in hydroalcoholic matrices requires systematic verification. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between TSS profiles (°Brix) and total solids yield during the stepwise ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of C. xanthorrhiza rhizomes using 70% ethanol. Extraction was performed using a sonicator bath (40 kHz, 120 W) in a stepwise manner (E1-E12) with sampling intervals every 30 minutes up to 360 minutes. Physicochemical parameters were monitored via TSS values (°Brix) and compared with gravimetric total solids determination. The relationship between variables was analyzed using Spearman correlation and linear regression. The analysis demonstrated a strong Spearman correlation between °Brix values and yield (ρ = 0.984; p < 0.001). The linear regression model showed high predictive accuracy with an R² of 0.986, and low error rates (MAE = 0.09% and RMSE = 0.14%). A stable plateau phase was reached at stages E9-E12, achieving a maximum yield of 8.31% at a TSS value of 9.00 °Brix. The refractometric method is a valid, rapid, and reliable IPC tool for monitoring the ultrasonic extraction of C. xanthorrhiza, providing real-time yield estimation comparable to the conventional gravimetric method.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Curcuma xanthorrhiza
  topic: keywords
subject: Total Soluble Solids (TSS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Refractometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Gravimetry
  topic: keywords
creator: Charlyna Veronika Puspitasari Pattymahu
creator: Idha Kusumawati
creator: Dewi Isadiartuti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 49
ending page: 64
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2910

ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS AND TREATMENT PHASES ON THE SEVERITY OF HEPATOTOXICITY DUE TO ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
type: item
description: Hepatotoxicity caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) is one of the adverse effects of tuberculosis therapy and may lead to liver dysfunction. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between age, gender, and treatment phase with the severity of OAT induced hepatotoxicity, as well as to assess factors influencing the increase in hepatotoxicity grade. This research employed a retrospective cross-sectional design and was conducted at Ulin Regional Hospital Banjarmasin using a total sampling method involving 45 tuberculosis patients. Secondary data were obtained from medical records of TB patients in 2024–2025. The results showed that 62.2% of patients were under 60 years old and 37.8% were over 60 years old. Male patients accounted for 75.6%, while females accounted for 24.4%. The distribution of hepatotoxicity grades was 40% normal, 28.9% grade 1, 20% grade 2, and 11.1% grade 3. Based on the treatment phase, 91.1% of patients were in the intensive phase and 8.9% were in the continuation phase. The Chi square test revealed no significant association between age, gender, or treatment phase and the severity of hepatotoxicity.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Lung disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti-tuberculosis drugs
  topic: keywords
subject: Liver function impairment
  topic: keywords
subject: Side effects, Risk factors
  topic: keywords
creator: Nazhipah Isnani
creator: Samsul Hadi
creator: Dita Aulia Dwi Sandi
creator: Satrio Wibowo Rahmatullah
creator: Wirawan Adikusuma
creator: Reni Yustiati Saksono
creator: Najma Auralia
creator: Khelda Maulida
creator: Feri Setiawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 240
ending page: 249
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2911

IMMUNOSTIMULANT EFFECTS OF PROPOLIS: A study of cytokine production
type: item
description: Propolis is a natural substance derived from bee resin and has long been used in traditional medicine because of its diverse bioactive compounds, especially flavonoids. This study aims to assess the immunostimulant effects of propolis on cytokine expression based on existing scientific research. A narrative review was conducted by collecting literature from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Initially, 48 articles were identified, and 15 articles that met the inclusion criteria were further analyzed. The results show that propolis has immunomodulatory activity through multiple mechanisms, including inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, reducing COX-2 expression, and suppressing nitric oxide (NO) production. Propolis also boosts macrophage activation, promotes phagocytosis, and increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, and IFN-γ. However, under excessive inflammatory conditions, propolis decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, indicating an adaptive immunoregulatory response. In conclusion, propolis has strong potential as a natural immunostimulant that works contextually according to the host’s immunological status and may be developed as a future herbal therapeutic agent.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Cytokines
  topic: keywords
subject: Immunostimulant
  topic: keywords
subject: Inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: Propolis
  topic: keywords
creator: Mutiara Sani Demira Putri
creator: Hannie Fitriani
creator: Yandi Syukri
creator: Arba Pramundita Ramadani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 135
ending page: 152
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2926

ANALISIS HOMA TERHADAP RESISTENSI INSULIN DAN FUNGSISEL β PANKREAS PADA TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) MODEL DIABETES ALOKSAN SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BONGGOLNANAS (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.)
type: item
description: Diabetes mellitus refers to a metabolic condition characterized by resistance to insulin and abnormalities in pancreatic β-cell function. Pineapple core (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is known to contain bioactive compounds with potential effects on glucose also insulin metabolism. This research aimed to analyze insulin sensitivity using HOMA-IR also HOMA-β in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) following administration of pineapple core (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) extract. This study employed an experimental laboratory design with a posttest-only control group. Male Wistar rats were induced with alloxan and divided into a control groups and treatment groups receiving graded doses of pineapple core (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) extract. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer, while plasma insulin levels were determined using the ELISA method. HOMA-IR and HOMA-β values were calculated to asses insulin sensitivity also pancreatic β- cell function. The results showed a significant difference in HOMA-IR and HOMA- β values between the negative control group and the high dose treatment group (100%) (treatment 3), with a p-value of 0.034. Pineapple core (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) extract has the potential to enhance pancreatic β-cell function and significantly improve insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR also HOMA-β parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Pineapple core
  topic: keywords
subject: Diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
subject: Extract
  topic: keywords
subject: HOMA
  topic: keywords
subject: Insulin
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Azka Azkiya Arif
creator: Yosha Putri Wahyuni
creator: Isniani Ramadhani
creator: Cut Fauziah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 153
ending page: 161
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2939

IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES PADA EKSTRAK ETANOL 30% DAUN KUMIS KUCING (Orthosiphon aristatus) HASIL KULTUR JARINGAN DAN BUDIDAYA
type: item
description: Orthosiphon aristatus ( cat's whiskers ) is traditional medicinal plant that contains many secondary metabolite compound such as flavonoids, phenolics acids, and diterpene derivatives and can be used to treat metabolic disorder including inflammation , urinary tract disorders and diabetes. This study aims to compare the secondary metabolite profile of 30% ethanol extract of cat's whiskers leaves from tissue culture and conventional cultivation. Extraction was carried out using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method and the compounds were identified using Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The analysis results showed that there were 5 types of dominant compounds in the tissue culture extract, including rosmarinic acid (20.46%), malic acid (6.34%), quinic acid (5.52%), chicoric acid (4.52%), and vanillylmandelic acid (3.4%). The cultivated extract contained rosmarinic acid (11.36%), malic acid (4.7%), ferulic acid (9.46%), vanillylmandelic acid (4.95%), and methylmalonic acid (4.15%). The compounds epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), isoquercetin, quercitrin, and carmine were only detected in tissue culture. These results indicate that tissue culture techniques can influence the biosynthesis and accumulation of certain secondary metabolites in plants, thus potentially being used to produce high-quality raw materials in the development of phytopharmaka products.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Orthosiphon aristatus
  topic: keywords
subject: LC-HRMS
  topic: keywords
subject: Tissue culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary metabolite
  topic: keywords
subject: Rosmarinic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Ferulic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Malic acid
  topic: keywords
creator: Farhan
creator: Syamsudin
creator: Fahrauk Farayamuda
creator: Nancy Dewi Yuliana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 36
ending page: 48
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2949

Overview of Community Knowledge on Hepatitis C Disease in the Pulo Gebang Public Housing Area, Cakung, East Jakarta
type: item
description: Hepatitis C is a virus infection of the liver that can lead to severe complications, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the existence of established principles, there remains a prevalence of erroneous comprehension within the populace regarding this subject. The possession of knowledge by the general population is of paramount importance in the efforts to prevent and control hepatitis C. The objective of this study is to ascertain the level of knowledge of the residents of Pulo Gebang Residential Complex in Cakung, Jakarta Timur, with regard to hepatitis C. The nature of the research is quantitative descriptive, with a quota sampling technique employed to determine the sample size. The total number of respondents included in the study was 96. The collection of data was achieved through the utilisation of a questionnaire. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents are female (76%), aged between 18 and 59 years (83.3%), have a secondary education (50.1%), and are not employed (56.2%). The level of knowledge of the respondents was categorised as follows: 47.9% of respondents demonstrated a satisfactory level of knowledge, 33.3% demonstrated an adequate level of knowledge, and 18.8% demonstrated an insufficient level of knowledge. Nevertheless, a misperception remains regarding the manner of transmission and the existence of a vaccine. It is imperative that education on the subject is sustained in order to enhance public awareness and understanding of hepatitis C.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Hepatitis C
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge Community
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Housing
  topic: keywords
creator: Yetri Elisya
creator: Septi Nurul Aulia
creator: Junaedi
creator: Nanang KA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 162
ending page: 170
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2970

POTENSI ANTI-INFLAMASI DAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAUN KOKANG (Lepisanthes amoena) YANG DIEVALUASI DENGAN METODE INHIBISI DENATURASI PROTEIN
type: item
description: Kokang (Lepisanthes amoena) is an endemic plant from Kalimantan traditionally used by the Dayak Tunjung community for skincare and wound treatment. Empirically, its leaves accelerate healing of skin problems such as acne scars and wounds within approximately two weeks. This research aimed to determine the total flavonoid content and evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the ethyl acetate extract of L. amoena leaves using the protein denaturation inhibition assay. The total flavonoid content was quantified spectrophotometrically using the aluminum chloride method, expressed as quercetin equivalents (QE). Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring the inhibition of protein denaturation, with sodium diclofenac as a positive control, and IC₅₀ values were calculated to compare activity levels. The results showed that the yield of the ethyl acetate extract of L. amoena leaves was 1.77%, with a total flavonoid content of 143.496 mg QE/g extract, and that it exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 16.759 ppm. These findings scientifically support the traditional use of L. amoena leaves as an anti-inflammatory and wound-healing agent, highlighting their potential development for herbal or cosmeceutical formulations.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Quercetin
  topic: keywords
subject: Aluminium chloride
  topic: keywords
subject: Sodium diclofenac
  topic: keywords
subject: Bovine serum albumin
  topic: keywords
subject: UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
  topic: keywords
creator: Fadlilaturrahmah
creator: Arnida
creator: Amalia Khairunnisa
creator: Normaidah
creator: Mifthah Dwi Arini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 259
ending page: 272
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2973

KAJIAN SUHU REAKSI TERHADAP POLA SUBSTITUSI DAN HASIL SINTESIS DERIVAT KUERSETIN
type: item
description: Quercetin is a flavonoid compound with various pharmacological activities but has limited solubility and stability. The derivatization synthesis of quercetin through acylation with benzoyl chloride was carried out at temperatures of 25°C, 40°C, and 60°C using acetone as the solvent and pyridine as the catalyst. The reflux reaction for 12 hours produced mono-benzoylation characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), column chromatography, as well as UV-Vis and IR spectra confirming the presence of benzoyl groups on quercetin. The 60°C temperature resulted in multi-benzoylation substitution, indicated by two carbonyl bands at 1785.00 cm⁻¹ and 1742.36 cm⁻¹, along with the highest yield of 88%. Controlling the reaction temperature can direct a more selective substitution pattern and improve the efficiency of quercetin derivatization. Higher temperatures accelerate the reaction rate and promote multi-substitution, potentially affecting the biological activity of the product.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Reaction Temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: Quercetin
  topic: keywords
subject: Derivatization
  topic: keywords
subject: Substitution Pattern
  topic: keywords
subject: Acylation
  topic: keywords
creator: Nur Aini
creator: Muhammad Fauzi
creator: Nily Su’aida
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 171
ending page: 179
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2976

OPTIMASI FASE GERAK PADA KLT DAN IDENTIFIKASI METABOLIT SEKUNDER Ipomoea pes-caprae
type: item
description: Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br traditionally used to treat pain, skin infections, inflammation, and rheumatic disorders. In vitro studies also reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potential activities obtained from secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and alkaloids contained in Ipomoea pes-caprae. The purpose of this study is to optimize the mobile phase and identify secondary metabolite compounds of Ipomoea pes-caprae. The analysis used thin layer chromatography (TLC) in identifying compounds responsible for providing antioxidant activity with a spray reagent in the form of DPPH. The results showed the ideal of mobile phase, namely Chloroform: Ethyl Acetate: Methanol: Formic Acid (2: 7: 0.5: 0.5). Ethanol extract of 96% leaves has antioxidant activity with a DPPH spray reaction than ethyl acetate and N-hexane extracts. The metabolite profiles in samples with various specific reagents include the group of polyphenols, alkaloids and flavonoid compounds. Based on the results of the descriptive analysis, it was shown that the most dominant group of flavonoid compounds from ethanol extract was 96% of Ipomoea pes-caprae leaves, so it had a strong correlation with antioxidant activity.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Ipomoea pes-caprae
  topic: keywords
subject: TLC
  topic: keywords
subject: Optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: Mobile Phase
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary Metabolites
  topic: keywords
creator: Lalu Husnul Hidayat
creator: Yosi Bayu Murti
creator: Nunung Yuniarti
creator: Akhmad Riski
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 74
ending page: 84
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2995

PREDIKTOR INDEPENDEN PERPANJANGAN INTERVAL QTc PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS RESISTAN OBAT (TB-RO)
type: item
description: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a global health challenge with suboptimal treatment success rates. Long-term treatment regimens in DR-TB patients may lead to cardiotoxic adverse effects, including QTc interval prolongation, which increases the risk of fatal arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes. This study aimed to analyze the independent predictors of QTc interval prolongation in patients with DR-TB receiving long-term treatment regimens. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from January 2021 to December 2023. A total of 100 eligible DR-TB patients were included. QTc prolongation was defined as ≥ 450 ms in males and ≥ 470 ms in females using Bazett’s or Fridericia’s correction. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney test and chi-square or Fisher’s exact. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was subsequently conducted to identify independent predictors of QTc interval prolongation. The results showed that 60% of patients experienced QTc interval prolongation. Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥ 60 years (adjusted OR 6.94; 95% CI 1.34–35.98; p = 0.021) and diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR 8.76; 95% CI 2.99–25.68; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of QTc interval prolongation in patients with DR-TB receiving long-term treatment regimens. Diabetes mellitus was identified as the strongest independent risk factor in this study. These findings highlight the importance of cardiometabolic risk stratification and more intensive electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring in patients with these risk factors to improve treatment safety.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrocardiography
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk factors
  topic: keywords
subject: QTc interval prolongation
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug-resistant tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Older adults
  topic: keywords
creator: M. Hasan Andryanto
creator: Soedarsono Soedarsono
creator: Amelia Lorensia
creator: Umi Fatmawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 20
ending page: 35
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.3002

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI JAMUR SEDIAAN SERUM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PACAR (Impatiens balsamina L.) TERHADAP JAMUR Candida albicans SECARA IN VITRO
type: item
description: The normal flora on the scalp that can cause dandruff when excess oil is produced is Candida albicans. Chemical antifungal treatments for dandruff often cause side effects such as hair loss and headaches. Garden balsam leaves, which contain antifungal compounds like flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids, can be extracted and formulated into hair serum as a natural alternative. This study aims to analyze the physical properties of the extract and serum from water henna leaves and evaluate their antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The evaluation involved physical property tests and in vitro disc diffusion using 2% ketoconazole shampoo as a positive control and serum without extract as a negative control. Tested concentrations were 1%, 3%, and 5%. Standardization of the extract showed a thick, dark brown liquid with a characteristic odor, a yield of 36.66%, water-soluble extract content of 78.66%, ethanol-soluble extract content of 70.09%, and moisture content of 2.51%. The serum showed increased color intensity, spreadability (4.63–5.3 cm), adhesiveness (3.49–41.91 seconds), pH (5.74–8.78), and viscosity (1016.6–1417.6 cPs). No inhibition zones were observed in the extract, serum, or negative control, while the positive control showed a strong inhibition zone of 46.03 mm.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Candida albicans
  topic: keywords
subject: Garden balsam
  topic: keywords
subject: Serum
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti fungal
  topic: keywords
creator: Indri Kusharyanti
creator: Liza Pratiwi
creator: Ayu Paramitha Anjani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 201
ending page: 209
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.3009

FORMULASI SEDIAAN SABUN PADAT FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) SEBAGAI ANTIMIKROBA
type: item
description: The kaffir lime plant (Citrus hystrix) contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins, which have antimicrobial activity. This study aims to determine whether the solid soap formulation of the ethyl acetate fraction of kaffir lime leaves possesses antimicrobial activity and to find the optimum concentration for this effect. The research employed an experimental laboratory method. Extraction and fractionation were conducted using various solvents, followed by antimicrobial activity testing. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 16 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, while there was no inhibition zone against Candida albicans. Solid soap formulations were made with concentration variations of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%, all meeting physical evaluation requirements. Antimicrobial testing of the solid soap against Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 10.5 mm at a 5% concentration. It can be concluded that all solid soap formulations of the ethyl acetate fraction of kaffir lime leaves demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with the highest activity at a 5% concentration, resulting in a 10.5 mm inhibition zone.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Citrus hystrix
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethyl acetate fraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Solid Soap
  topic: keywords
subject: Staphylococcus aureus
  topic: keywords
subject: Candida albicans
  topic: keywords
creator: Tasya Kensy Kalalo
creator: Paulina V.Y Yamlean
creator: Surya Sumantri Abdullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 250
ending page: 258
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.3010

KARAKTERISASI FISIK LIP BALM DENGAN EKSTRAK BIJI KURMA SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN DAN PEWARNA ALAMI BUNGA BATAVIA
type: item
description: The growing demand for cosmetics within the community has spurred innovation in the use of herbal ingredients. Lip balm is one such cosmetic product that can benefit from the incorporation of natural components, including antioxidant compounds and natural dyes. This study aims to formulate a lip balm by integrating date seed extract as an antioxidant and batavia flower extract as a natural dye. The extraction process utilizes the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the solvent, followed by assessing the antioxidant activity through the DPPH method. Variations in the concentration of batavia flower extract in the lip balm formulation are set at 1.2%, 2.5%, and 3.7%, with a fixed date seed extract concentration of 2.5%. The evaluation of the lip balm's quality includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, melting temperature tests, and pH tests. The antioxidant activity test on date seed extract yielded an IC50 value of 30.92 ppm, indicating a classification of strong antioxidant activity. The results for the three lip balm formulations exhibited consistent characteristics, including a pink color, a semi-solid consistency, a pH level range 6.5–6.7, and a melting point within the recommended range (52–57°C). In conclusion, the lip balm formulation incorporating date seed extract and batavia flower extract meets acceptable physical parameters for a lip balm product.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Lip balm
  topic: keywords
subject: Phoenix dactylifera
  topic: keywords
subject: Jatropha integerrima
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural Pigment
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Alfian
creator: Muhammad Nurul Hasanudin
creator: Askina Khoirun Nisa
creator: Hisba Cahyani Irawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 229
ending page: 239
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2857

ANALISIS BIAYA PADA PASIEN GANGGUAN HORMON TIROID DI RUMAH SAKIT PUSAT ANGKATAN LAUT DR. RAMELAN SURABAYA
type: item
description: Thyroid hormone disorders, such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, are common endocrine diseases that impose a considerable economic burden. This study aimed to analyze the components of treatment costs among outpatients with thyroid hormone disorders at RSPAL Dr. Ramelan Surabaya and to examine the relationship between patient characteristics and total treatment costs. A cross-sectional design was employed from both patient and hospital perspectives, involving 86 outpatients during the period of May to July 2025. Data on direct medical costs were obtained from the hospital billing system and out-of-pocket expenses through patient interviews, while direct non-medical and indirect costs were collected through structured interviews. The results showed that most patients were female (69 patients; 80.23%) with a mean age of 42 years, and hyperthyroidism was the most common diagnosis (n=54). The total annual cost reached IDR 1,618,002,478, with an average of IDR 18,813,982 per patient. Direct medical costs represented the largest component, with laboratory examinations accounting for the highest expenditure (an average of IDR 8,245,814 per patient per year). Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between age (p=0.007) and BPJS insurance class (p=0.049) with direct medical costs, employment status (p=0.025) with direct non-medical costs, and both age (p=0.014) and employment status (p=0.000) with indirect costs. In conclusion, the treatment costs of thyroid disorders are predominantly driven by direct medical expenses, with variations influenced by age and insurance class.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Pharmacoeconomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Health costs
  topic: keywords
subject: Thyroid disorder
  topic: keywords
creator: Muthma'innatun Nabila
creator: Yunita Nita
creator: Libriansyah
creator: Lestiono
creator: Achmad Ridwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 299
ending page: 311
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2854

FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANO FITOSOM ANTIDIABETES DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda Citrifolia L.) DENGAN METODE HIDRASI LAPIS TIPIS
type: item
description: Diabetes mellitus causes high blood sugar levels due to pancreatic metabolic disorders. Noni fruit (Morinda Citrifolia L.) with xeronine content is used. This study created a New Drug Delivery System (NDDS) based on nanophytosomes to overcome blood glucose metabolism problems. Nanophytosomes encapsulate active substances from plant extracts (phytoconstituents) with lipids or phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine for easier absorption and use. This study examined the formulation results and the effects of cholesterol on noni fruit extract nanophytosomes. This study used a quasi-experimental design, one group posttest. Thin film hydration was used to create nanophytosomes with different cholesterol contents from noni fruit extract. The research formula meets the requirements with particle size results of 271.3-501.3 nm (p-0.24), polydispersity index of 0.614-1.902 nm (p-0.947), zeta potential -10.8 - (-21.7) mv (p-0.998), adsorption efficiency of 70.83%-92.66% (p-1.000), and non-spherical surface morphology. The evaluation results show that F2 with a cholesterol concentration of 1.5 g is a good formula because it has an adsorption efficiency of 92.66% and a fine particle size.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Noni Fruit Extract
  topic: keywords
subject: Antidiabetic
  topic: keywords
subject: Cholesterol
  topic: keywords
subject: Nano Fitosom
  topic: keywords
creator: Amrina Rosyada
creator: Noval
creator: Febby Yulia Hastika
creator: Setia Budi
creator: Dwi Rizki Febrianti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 180
ending page: 188
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2848

IDENTIFIKASI TURUNAN ASAM KARBOKSILAT AKAR Acalypha indica SEBAGAI KANDIDAT INHIBITOR GFAT MELALUI LC-HRMS DAN STUDI IN SILICO
type: item
description: Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health challenge, prompting the exploration of natural products as sources of safer antidiabetic agents. This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds from the roots of Acalypha indica and evaluate their potential as inhibitors of glutamine–fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), an enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. Compound profiling was conducted using liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), while the inhibitory potential against GFAT was assessed through in silico docking. This integrated approach has not been previously reported. Metabolite profiling using LC-HRMS tentatively identified thirteen carboxylic acid derivatives, including hydroxycinnamic acid, gluconic acid, trans-aconitic acid, and glucoheptonic acid. molecular docking analysis revealed strong binding affinities of several compounds toward GFAT. Glucoheptonic acid exhibited the lowest binding energy (−8.0 kcal/mol), followed by xylaric acid A (−7.9 kcal/mol) and trans-aconitic acid (−7.5 kcal/mol). These compounds interacted with key active-site residues Gln421, Ser420, Ser422, and Lys675, suggesting a potential enzyme inhibition mechanism. In silico pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that 2-hexylpentanedioic acid exhibited favorable ADME properties, with high gastrointestinal absorption, no major inhibition of CYP450, and low predicted acute toxicity risk. These findings highlight Acalypha indica roots as a promising source of bioactive carboxylic acid derivatives, with glucoheptonic acid emerging as the most promising candidate for further in vitro evaluation as a GFAT inhibitor
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Acalypha indica
  topic: keywords
subject: Anting-anting
  topic: keywords
subject: Asam karboksilat
  topic: keywords
subject: Diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
subject: In silico
  topic: keywords
subject: Autodock tools
  topic: keywords
creator: Arviani
creator: Yuszda K. Salimi
creator: Nurhayati Bialangi
creator: Ahmad Chandra Lakasan
creator: Zifran Nur Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 98
ending page: 113
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2828

POTENSI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK TOTAL EKSTRAK DAUN KRATOM (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI PELARUT
type: item
description: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a medicinal plant native to Southeast Asia that contains a wide range of secondary metabolites. The characteristics of medicinal plant extracts are strongly influenced by the type of solvent used during the extraction process, particularly with respect to phenolic compounds that play a key role in antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Mitragyna speciosa leaf extracts obtained using solvents with different degrees of polarity. Kratom leaves were extracted with water using the decoction method, as well as with 70% and 90% ethanol using the maceration method. Total phenolic content was determined by Spectrophotometer UV–Vis employing the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent with gallic acid as the standard, while antioxidant activity was assessed based on IC₅₀ values using the DPPH assay. The results showed that the total phenolic content of the water, 70% ethanol, and 90% ethanol extracts was 81.27 ± 0.13, 93.85 ± 0.07, and 99.21 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. Antioxidant activity analysis revealed IC₅₀ values of 64.71 µg/mL for the water extract (strong antioxidant), 35.52 µg/mL for the 70% ethanol extract (very strong antioxidant), and 35.12 µg/mL for the 90% ethanol extract (very strong antioxidant). Based on these findings, the 90% ethanol extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content and the most potent antioxidant activity, indicating its potential for development as a natural antioxidant source derived from kratom leaves.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Phenolics
  topic: keywords
subject: Extraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Mitragyna speciosa
  topic: keywords
subject: Microplate Reader
  topic: keywords
subject: Spectrophotometer UV–Vis
  topic: keywords
creator: Akhmad Riski
creator: Nanang Fakhrudin
creator: Agung Endro Nugroho
creator: Rakhmadhan Niah
creator: Lalu Husnul Hidayat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 65
ending page: 73
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2802

PENGARUH EKSTRAK BATANG AKAR KUNING (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS SEKSUAL MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus) SECARA IN VIVO
type: item
description: Disfungsi seksual merupakan masalah umum di kalangan banyak orang dewasa dan dapat diobati dengan mengonsumsi obat herbal. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai afrodisiak adalah Akar Kuning (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas afrodisiak ekstrak etanol 70% dari Akar Kuning (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.) menggunakan uji in vivo. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji perilaku seksual mencit jantan pendekatan, menunggangi , dan kawin. Jumlah mencit percobaan adalah 25 pasang (25 mencit jantan dan 25 mencit betina) yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. Kelompok I (suspensi CMC-Na), kelompok II, III, dan IV masing-masing menggunakan ekstrak etanol 70% akar kuning (150 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB, dan 250 mg/kgBB), dan kelompok V (sildenafil 0,13 mg/20g BB tikus). Pengamatan dilakukan selama satu hari menggunakan kotak libidometer yang dilengkapi dengan CCTV, kipas angin, dan lampu merah. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Berdasarkan hasil, kelompok IV (250 mg/kgBB) merupakan dosis paling optimal karena menghasilkan efek afrodisiak tertinggi pada semua parameter dibandingkan dengan kelompok II (150 mg/kgBB) dan kelompok III (200 mg/kgBB). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.) dapat meningkatkan efek afrodisiak.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Sexual Dysfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: Yellow Root
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethanol Extract
  topic: keywords
subject: Aphrodisiac
  topic: keywords
subject: In Vivo
  topic: keywords
subject: ICC
  topic: keywords
creator: Farida Istiqamah
creator: Fajar Jamaluddin Sandhori
creator: Nur Ainah
creator: Senya Puteri Amalia
creator: Desy Ayu Lestari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 288
ending page: 298
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2799

PEMBUATAN, UJI FISIKOKIMIA DAN UJI STABILITAS MINYAK KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) RENDAH FREE FATTY ACIDS (FFA) DARI LIMBAH KULIT BUAH KELAPA (TESTA)
type: item
description: Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an important commodity for Indonesia’s economy, with testa (coconut seed coat) waste commonly found in traditional markets. A survey in Bandar Lampung revealed daily testa waste production of 13.5–18.0 kg. This study aimed to explore the potential of coconut testa oil through extraction and esterification processes. Extraction was performed using a fat extractor E-500 with n-hexane solvent at heating levels 2, 5, and 8, followed by esterification. The results showed that testa oil contained 1.36% free fatty acids (FFA). Physicochemical analysis using GC-MS demonstrated identical chromatogram peaks between testa oil and Brc oil, with saturated fatty acids bound as triglycerides. The unsaturated fatty acid content in testa oil (0.28%) was slightly higher than in Brc oil (0.27%). Accelerated Shelf Life Test (ASLT) predicted a shelf life of four months for testa oil. In conclusion, coconut testa oil has potential as a vegetable oil source with physicochemical characteristics comparable to Brc oil, although its unsaturated fatty acid content remains relatively low.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Coconut testa oil
  topic: keywords
subject: Free fatty acids
  topic: keywords
subject: Esterification
  topic: keywords
subject: GC-MS
  topic: keywords
subject: Accelerated shelf-life testing
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmad Sairi
creator: Liandhajani Liandhajani
creator: Muhammad Iqbal
creator: Ramadhan Triyandi
creator: Donny Yudha Asmara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 114
ending page: 124
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2781

ANALISIS COST EFFECTIVENESS METHOTREXATE VS LEFLUNOMIDE PADA TERAPI RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: NARRATIVE REVIEW DAN IMPLIKASI DI INDONESIA
type: item
description: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with substantial clinical and economic burden. Methotrexate (MTX) is recommended as first-line therapy, whereas leflunomide (LEF) is used as an alternative or adjunctive treatment in specific clinical circumstances. This review aims to analyze the comparison between LEF and MTX from the perspectives of clinical efficacy, health economic assumptions, and their relevance within Indonesia’s National Health Insurance system (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, JKN). A narrative review methodology was employed, synthesizing international and national clinical and pharmacoeconomic studies published between 1999 and 2024. The findings indicate that the clinical effectiveness of LEF and MTX is generally comparable; however, most economic models developed in high-income countries rely on cost structures, utility values, and willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds that limit their transferability to the Indonesian context. Within the JKN framework, which emphasizes cost containment and budget efficiency, MTX remains the most cost-effective first-line therapy due to its low generic price and adequate clinical effectiveness. LEF retains a role as an alternative or sequential therapy and may be considered an intermediate strategy prior to escalation to substantially more expensive biologic agents. Significant local evidence gaps persist, particularly regarding long-term economic models based on national data, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) analyses, and budget impact evaluations within the BPJS system. The development of pharmacoeconomic models grounded in the national payer perspective is therefore essential to support more context-specific and sustainable policy decision-making.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Rheumatoid arthritis
  topic: keywords
subject: Methotrexate
  topic: keywords
subject: Leflunomide
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: National Health Insurance (JKN)
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacoeconomics
  topic: keywords
creator: Sita Rizky Mardia
creator: Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo
creator: Jainuri Erik Pratama
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 273
ending page: 287
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2658

AKTIVITAS TONIKUM EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% BUNGA KAMBANG PUTIH (Plumeria rubra) PADA MUS MUSCULUS BALB/c
type: item
description: Tonic is a preparation used to increase physical strength or stamina. White frangipani (Plumeria rubra) is known to have several potentials such as anti-free radicals, antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory, and contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, heterocyclic nitrogen bases, and phenolics. This experiment aims to determine the potential tonic activity of white frangipani flowers extracted with 96% ethyl alcohol on BALB/c musculus and the optimum dose. Tonic activity was evaluated using the natural exhaustion method by measuring the swimming time of mice until exhaustion. The musculus used consisted of 5 groups with 5 replications each, each containing 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a negative control, caffeine as a positive control, with variations in doses of 100, 200, and 400mg/kgBW. The results of the treatment showed that the ethanol extract of white frangipani flowers significantly increased the swimming time of mice compared to the negative control. Data processing using one-way ANOVA and subsequent Tukey HSD tests showed a p<0.05 result for the negative control, and differences between treatment groups. The optimal dose was obtained with treatment at 400 mg/kg body weight compared to other doses and was close to the dose in the positive control. The conclusion of this experiment is that frangipani flower extract has potential as a tonic.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Tonic activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Dose
  topic: keywords
subject: 96% ethanol extract
  topic: keywords
subject: White frangipani
  topic: keywords
subject: Natatory exhaustion
  topic: keywords
creator: Anna Maria Ulfa
creator: wahyu niar wulan purnama sari
creator: Burhanudin Gasim Soka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 189
ending page: 200
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2593

POTENSI AKAR BURDOCK SEBAGAI BENTUK PROTEKTIF RADIKAL BEBAS PADA SALURAN PERNAPASAN PEROKOK AKTIF STUDY IN-VIVO PADA TIKUS JANTAN
type: item
description: Exposure to cigarette smoke is known to trigger oxidative stress and trigger an inflammatory response in lung tissue. Lung organs are highly susceptible to damage due to continuous exposure to pollutants, especially free radicals. This condition has the potential to cause pathological changes in the structure of lung cells. This study aimed to evaluate the difference in histological changes in rat lungs between the group not exposed to conventional cigarette smoke (control group) and the group exposed to cigarette smoke accompanied by the administration of burdock root extract, ethanol solvent, methanol, and vitamin E. Exposure was carried out 7 times for 14 days, using one cigarette for each treatment session. The results of the observation showed that all the groups that received exposure had lung tissue damage. Based on the average histopathological score, the rate of lung damage was grouped as follows: K1 (negative control) of 4.6; K2 (positive control) of 7; P1 (treatment with ethanol) of 5.6; P2 (treatment with methanol) of 8.6; and P3 (treatment with vitamin E) by 6.6. The group with the highest level of damage was P2 (methanol) which fell into the severe damage category, while the lowest level of damage was found in P1 (ethanol), which fell into the light category.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Burdock root extract
  topic: keywords
subject: Arctium lappa L.
  topic: keywords
subject: Lung
  topic: keywords
subject: Cigarette smoke
  topic: keywords
creator: Imam Agus Faizal
creator: Frinsisca Octaviany
creator: Ira Pangesti
creator: Dini Puspodewi
creator: Arina Lis Sa'adah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 125
ending page: 134
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2561

TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTIVE EFFORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES IN PRIMARY LEVEL HEALTH FACILITIES: A Qualitative Study
type: item
description: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains a global health problem, with a high mortality rate, exceeding that of HIV/AIDS. In Indonesia, the incidence of TB-HIV reaches 36,000 cases, while cases of drug-resistant TB (TB-RO) are estimated at 12,000. The role of pharmacists in pharmaceutical services at primary healthcare facilities is very important, especially in drug management and clinical pharmacy. However, their role in TB preventive efforts does not yet have clear implementation standards. This study aims to develop guidelines related to TB preventive efforts in pharmaceutical services at primary healthcare facilities. This study used a qualitative method through in-depth interviews with officials from the Directorate of Pharmaceutical Services of the Ministry of Health and the central board of the Indonesian Pharmacists Association. The interviews aimed to obtain preliminary data for the development of a questionnaire that was then used in a cross-sectional study of pharmacists in primary healthcare facilities. The results showed five main domains in TB preventive efforts by pharmacists, namely: roles in clinical pharmacy services, drug management, TB case finding, community empowerment, and TB management. This study is expected to serve as a basis for the development of standardized standards for the role of pharmacists in TB prevention in primary healthcare facilities to improve the effectiveness of TB services and control in Indonesia.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: tuberculosis, preventive efforts, primary level health facilities
  topic: keywords
creator: Ristiono Hendy
creator: Perwitasari Dyah Aryani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 312
ending page: 312
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v11i1.2429

STANDARDISASI KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca L) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYEMBUH LUKA
type: item
description: Kepok banana peel (Musa paradisiaca) is an agricultural waste with great potential to be utilized as a raw material for traditional medicine. Several studies have demonstrated that kepok banana peel contains bioactive compounds that act as antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and accelerate the wound healing process. Standardization of the simplicia and extract is necessary to ensure quality, safety, and consistency of its effectiveness as a phytopharmaceutical. This study aims to standardize kepok banana peel through both specific and non-specific parameters. The extraction method employed in this research was sonication using ethanol as a solvent. The results showed that kepok banana peel contains active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. Standardization tests on the simplicia powder of kepok banana peel included determination of water content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, ethanol-soluble extract, water-soluble extract, total plate count (TPC), yeast and mold count (YMC), and heavy metal contamination, with the following results: 10.34%; 9%; 2.25%; 0.06%; 6.91%; 10.26%; >3.0 × 10³ cfu/g; 5.7 × 10³; <0.001 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the standardization results for the kepok banana peel extract were as follows: 9.57%; 11.19%; 0.07%; 0.26%; 21.68%; 22.53%; 4.6 × 10³ cfu/g; 8.2 × 10³; <0.001 mg/kg.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Standardization
  topic: keywords
subject: Simplicia
  topic: keywords
subject: Extract
  topic: keywords
subject: Banana peel
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethanol
  topic: keywords
creator: Novia Ariani
creator: Eka Kumalasari
creator: Muhammad Hafizh Abiyyu Fathin Fawwazi
creator: Faizah Nayandra
creator: Dimas Kalinggo Purnomo
creator: Mirenne Anik Sri Rahayu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JIIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 260
ending page: 268
doi: 10.36387/jiis.v10i2.2814