STUDI TENTANG PENGGUNAAN TUMBUHAN OBAT OLEH MASYARAKAT SUKU MUNA DI PULAU MUNA, SULAWESI TENGGARA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36387/vpdg3a81Kata Kunci:
Etnomedisin, Local genius, Ramuan tradisional, Suku MunaAbstrak
Pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat masih memegang peranan penting dalam praktik pengobatan tradisional di Indonesia, termasuk di Suku Muna di Pulau Muna, Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan obat yang digunakan, bagian tanaman yang dimanfaatkan, metode pengolahan, serta jenis penyakit yang ditangani berdasarkan local genius masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah teknik snowball sampling, dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara kepada masyarakat Suku Muna menggunakan kuesioner. Kuesioner tersebut mencakup informasi mengenai jenis penyakit, ramuan atau penggunaan tumbuhan tunggal, meliputi nama lokal tanaman, bagian yang dimanfaatkan, serta metode pengolahannya. Setiap tumbuhan yang disebutkan kemudian diidentifikasi melalui proses determinasi untuk memperoleh nama latinnya, serta didokumentasikan dalam bentuk herbarium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Suku Muna di Pulau Muna, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, telah memanfaatkan sebanyak 29 spesies tumbuhan yang berasal dari 18 famili sebagai bahan ramuan obat. Bagian tanaman yang paling dominan digunakan adalah daun. Metode pemanfaatan tumbuhan atau ramuan yang paling umum dilakukan yaitu dengan cara perebusan, kemudian air rebusannya diminum. Cara ini merupakan praktik yang paling sering diterapkan oleh masyarakat setempat dalam memanfaatkan tumbuhan sebagai pengobatan tradisional.
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